Eventually three of the eggs hatched by July 8. The fourth, though, was left unhatched in the nest scrape while Monty and Rose took to brooding the new chicks (one of which was our current resident Imani). Wildlife officials retrieved the precious egg, and it was transported to Lincoln Park Zoo where it hatched. Within days, the “zoo baby” was returned to the beach. Chicago Piping Plovers wrote this in a season recap at the time:

Without a doubt, this was the most moving moment of the entire season: Rose rushing to Zoo Baby and immediately brooding them, and Monty later flattening in the sand and piping softly to attract the baby to him.

Only two of the four chicks that year—Siewka and Imani—made it to fledging. All four members of the plover family went south by the end of that summer, but Imani and Siewka weren’t seen during the winter of 2021-2022.

You might not be familiar with these plovers or with the the story of Monty and Rose. In 2019, the pair became the first to nest in the Chicago city limits in about 70 years, even as they dealt with high lake levels and a potential music festival on the beach. The Great Lakes Piping Plover population has long been highly endangered, dwindling all the way to about a dozen pairs in the early 1990s (they’ve since rebounded). The dapper plover pair inspired an entire metropolis with their resilience and their parenting skills.

Monty was the first of the plovers to return in 2022 and passed away suddenly that May. It appeared Chicago would be embarking on a summer without plovers, as Rose hadn’t appeared and Imani and Siewka’s whereabouts were unknown. Then something truly unexpected happened, just one week after we lost Monty:

Here’s what I wrote then:

It was an unbelievable turn of events. Not only was Imani still with us, but he was enjoying a Lake Superior beach about 500 miles north of Chicago. Piping Plovers face much mortality in their first year, including many risks during winter and migration. And Friday was National Endangered Species Day no less.

Then there was another astonishing chapter days later in 2022, when Imani returned home:

Last week Imani abruptly showed up back at Montrose Beach, where he hatched last year and fledged along with Siewka. Imani’s still there as of yesterday, too, though there’s no sign of a female around as a potential mate.

Imani hung around long enough to be present during the commemoration of Monty and Rose and their offspring that took place at the beach Wednesday. Despite the threat of severe weather, more than 100 volunteers and plover fans attended the ceremony at the Montrose Beach House.

Imani remains the only bird hatched at Montrose Beach who’s returned to Montrose Beach (Siewka never made it back). He’s gone on to nesting success in 2024 and 2025 with Sea Rocket, a bird transplanted to Illinois from a rescue in upstate New York. Imani and Sea Rocket fledged Nagamo in 2024 and Bean and El in 2025.

Imani is back at Montrose Beach right now, having returned last week along with wingman Pippin, an unpaired male from Green Bay, Wisconsin. We hope Sea Rocket is not far behind, and maybe we’ll get a surprise appearance by one of their offspring.

As Imani approaches 5 years old—and the median life span for Piping Plovers—it’s a moment to look back at that challenging summer of 2021 and think about the impact it made. Imani continues to write the next chapter in the story of Chicago’s Piping Plovers, even though Monty, Rose, and Siewka aren’t around to see it.

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Preparations for 2026 season

I was recently asked whether there is an organized effort to protect the plovers. It was a reminder that not everyone is aware of all that goes into the Piping Plover project here in Chicago. It’s a mighty effort that spans local, state, and federal agencies, as well as several nonprofits and the regional Great Lakes Piping Plover Conservation Team. It’s likely the plovers could not have been successful all these years without many humans helping out.

This year there’s already been a clean-up (above) and a shorebird outreach day at the beach. There is a full complement of volunteer monitors ready to observe the plovers and educate the public. Donations have made it possible to have a volunteer outreach coordinator this summer and an education and outreach intern. Among their duties are informing dog owners about the regulations on the beach—dogs are prohibited whether on- or off-leash. Then there’s keeping tabs on the plovers and ensuring people stay away from any nest site.

Click here if you would like to donate to the project and help out Chicago Piping Plovers this season.

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Read my series on the history of Montrose Point, starting with this post:

Last week’s post discussed helpful birds. In contrast, Brown-headed Cowbirds and other brood parasites might be the least helpful birds. Let’s dig in.

Brown-headed Cowbirds are well-known rascals in the bird world. Nearly every other species in North America, of every avian family, lays its own eggs, incubates them, and then takes care of the young until fledging. But not the cowbird. The cowbird drops eggs into other birds’ nests—sometimes dozens of others—for the host birds to raise with their young. This causes many problems for little birds like the Grasshopper Sparrow, Kirtland’s Warbler, or Red-eyed Vireo, as the bigger cowbird babies out-compete the other nestlings.1 Like other brood parasites, baby cowbirds will push unhatched eggs right out of the nest.

It gets worse, though. If a cowbird finds a nest full of the host’s chicks, it’ll toss out the nestlings so the whole process has to start over. That means more opportunities to dump some of their own eggs. And cowbirds will retaliate against the host if one of their eggs doesn’t hatch.

In response, a few birds like American Robins and Yellow Warblers have adapted to deter cowbirds. PhD student Sarah Winnicki shared in a 2020 presentation that Yellow Warblers recognize cowbird eggs and will bury them under nesting material. Robins will chuck cowbird eggs out of the nest.

But maybe cowbirds deserve some respect for their cleverness.2 They’re able to proliferate their species without all of the effort of nesting and feeding. Consider that they have had to evolve to time the laying of their eggs alongside host species. Their scheming could be discovered if they’re too early. If too late, their eggs may be ignored as the others hatch and as the nestlings grow. Female cowbirds may lay up to 50 eggs in a single season—that takes inordinate energy and is a volume that increases the odds of success.

Winnicki states that cowbirds may poke holes in eggs to get a peek and determine how far along they are. Again, another interesting adaptation, one that requires stealth and savvy. And cowbirds have to be unusually observant to even find nests and recognize when egg-laying occurs. These are indeed clever birds.

And unlike some “destructive” species, cowbirds are native birds, that first followed the bison of the Great Plains, benefiting from all the seeds and grasshoppers stirred up by the herds. They then adapted to the cattle introduced in recent centuries and their range expanded east and north.

Cowbirds are back in these climes at this time of year, and I may look at them differently this spring. Even these scamps could use our support.

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It wasn’t always known that unmated birds might help a breeding pair. But in a 1935 article for The Auk, the great ornithologist Alexander Skutch1 published his findings that Brown Jays on the border between Guatemala and Honduras had exhibited cooperative breeding. Skutch identified three types of bird assistants: 1) Juvenile helpers; 2) Unmated helpers; and 3) Mutual helpers. Helper birds aided Brown Jays by bringing food to a mother during incubation and by fending off intruders. They also used their wings to shade nestlings from the sun on hot days.

Skutch and others2 went on to show that many species relied on bird helpers to ensure breeding success. King Penguins famously may feed multiple chicks aside from their own. The Long-tailed Tit, one of the smallest and cutest birds in Europe, often turns to one or two unmated birds to help parents feed nestlings. Skutch notes that the helpers didn’t necessarily join in the nest at night for roosting, but instead likely stayed outside on their own, “cuddled together in balls in dense thickets or sometimes in old nests of their own species or of Winter Wrens.” Some of these birds may be from previous broods. Some could be first-year birds that are not yet sexually mature.

Speaking of wrens, the Southern House Wren of Central America shows some interesting behavior that verges on helper status. Skutch observed that a young wren would stay with—and sleep with—its parents several months after fledging. On the other hand, Northern House Wrens, the species we’re more familiar with here in the Midwest, face a shorter breeding season and typically have two broods. The adults may permit young to linger in a nest box a few days, but once it’s time for another brood they’ll keep the juveniles away.

As we’ve seen here with our Piping Plovers, males and females share incubation duties and both sexes brood the chicks. Bank Swallows, another species at Montrose Beach, do the same. Skutch relates a story about observing a pair of Blue-throated Motmots in their burrows. In an experiment, he removed one motmot from the burrow as it was incubating. The other motmot took over without a sound.

In winter, we see multiple species coming together for greater protection while feeding in the cold woods. Golden-crowned Kinglets flock with each other and with other small songbirds including Tufted Titmice, Yellow-rumped Warblers, Downy Woodpeckers, Black-capped Chickadees, and White-breasted Nuthatches. There is strength in numbers, more birds on alert, together making it known where the food is.

All of this suggests that there is an evolutionary advantage to helping and that altruism is far from superfluous or frivolous. We humans could take a lesson from that, too. Everyone can lend a hand once in a while.

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Previous posts on this topic are here (The Army settles in at Montrose Point), here (When the lakefront was for warbirds), here (When Montrose was for bathing), and here (The Magic Hedge takes shape).

Back in 1995, the Magic Hedge was the place to be if you wanted to see warblers in Chicago. While the site had come a long way since the Army left in 1971, it was just one cluster of shrubs that provided the food and shelter that birds require. It was the kind of place that would eventually be called a migrant trap, for its honeysuckle was so attractive that the birds just couldn’t pass it up.

It was a different story out on barren Montrose Beach, which became a stronghold for Piping Plovers and other shorebirds decades later.

“On rare occasions, you would get a Piping Plover. But Waukegan Beach was the place to get them in those days,” says longtime birder Al Stokie. “I don’t think people were looking for them as much, and maybe the reason was the beach wasn’t as fancy as it became.”

The beach was changing, though. For decades, the Park District plowed sand toward the eastern end of the beach. It made for a smooth beach for the sun bathers and swimmers. Eventually a few cottonwoods and willows had appeared in the heap of sand at the east end. Finally, it was a daily birder named Kanae Hirabayashi who stopped the bulldozers from plowing under the trees.

“It was really miraculous once they stopped grooming the beach,” says Judy Pollock, then President of the Bird Conservation Network. “It’s funny, I thought they would just groom the beach forever. You don’t really think these things can change.”

Leslie Borns and her husband, John Purcell, would go birding regularly at Montrose Point.

“We started looking at plants when there weren’t many birds,” Borns says. “I couldn’t identify these green fingers in the sand. I knew a lot of plant people and asked them about Lake Shore Rush.”

The discovery of two endangered plants—Lake Shore Rush (Juncus balticus), along with Sea Rocket (Cakile edentula) by a woman named Margo Milde—meant the park district had to take action. Lake Shore Rush hadn’t been seen on Chicago’s lakefront since 1946, and Sea Rocket was on the state threatened list.

The Chicago Tribune ran a feature story, “Singing sands of time,” on the cover of the Metro section on December 3, 2000, that described two “baby dunes” that had appeared at Montrose due to “benign neglect” by the Park District. Early on the hope was that shorebirds—plovers and sandpipers—might eventually use the newly created habitat. “They use these plants on the beach for cover,” said Borns at the time, 19 years before Piping Plovers would eventually nest. “I’d like to see the area protected and preserved. These dune systems that are emerging are very fragile ecosystems.”

“I became aware of Leslie, because we were doing a lot of work to revive the Magic Hedge, and the Park District was spending a lot of funds toward restoration,” said Mary Van Haaften, who was then Natural Areas Manager with the Chicago Park District. “In the City of Chicago to find state listed or state threatened species, it really is something in an environment like that, a Cold War site. Any time something special came up it was just so rare and wonderful.”

Discussions began among birding clubs and the park district. The initial goal was to get a fence in place to keep people and dogs from trampling the foliage. It was the first of many examples of advocates and volunteers taking steps to revert the beach back to a coastal dune habitat.

“I started to develop a vision because [the land] was starting to evolve, and I wanted to recognize and enhance an ecological process,” said Borns, who soon became volunteer site steward. “I thought let’s fence the whole end of the beach and let things go.”

Susanne Masi, coordinator of Plants of Concern, a Chicago Botanic Garden program, noticed more rare plant species emerging and documented them. Lake currents and wind were pushing native seeds south from places like Wisconsin.

“It was pretty surprising. [Dune systems] vary because of lake levels and winds. They are quite fluid environments,” Masi says. “With low lake levels, a record from 1999 through about 2014, that just allowed for all of this habitat to develop in a very short period of time.”

“The sedge diversity there is absurd, the number of rare sedges there,” notes Greg Spyreas of the Illinois Natural History Survey. “It’s extraordinary how they got there, where did they come from? It doesn’t exist even 40 miles near there.”

“It wasn’t just that it got protected from grooming and things like that,” adds Eric Ulaszek, now retired from the Illinois Natural History Survey. “It was volunteers who really got involved and got things done. [Without volunteers] it would probably be a thicket with tough natives and invasives crowding out what’s unique there.”

This small but active group of citizens came together just as Mayor Richard M. Daley had made environmental issues a priority for the city.

“We really started opening up the areas and that is when these conservative species started appearing, sedges, forbs, plants, listed species and others,” Borns says.

“Montrose kind of kicked the whole thing off,” Pollock says. “Without [Mayor Daley], none of this really would have happened.”

“When I was there, we had 50 designated Nature Areas, ranging from the Magic Hedge to the [Montrose] dune habitat, to native plant gardens, and the Jackson Park lagoon area,” Van Haaften says. “That was Mayor Daley, he took a great interest in wildlife to his credit.”

Spyreas’ job is to map endangered species and create environmental impact statements. His first visit came when he was assigned to visit the dunes and meet with Borns.

“I had never seen anywhere like that in my entire life,” he says. “Literally in the middle of one of the densest cities and one of most well used parks and it had just kind of sprung up.”

“In Illinois, we have so little natural lakefront,” Masi says. “For that reason, and the fact that it is so developed, it makes Montrose and other sites so very special.”

The dunes were named a state natural area in 2005 because of the quality of the habitat. The fenced-off area not only was good for plants but good for birds also—particularly shorebirds that travel vast distances and need a place to rest and forage undisturbed. Those have been the conditions for the most part ever since.

“You’re usually losing species, losing habitats,” says Spyreas. “It’s a war of attrition, losses instead of wins. [Montrose Dunes] are one of a handful of wins.”

Piping Plovers are a sort of grail bird around the Great Lakes in that only a few dozen pairs remained in the early 21st century. By the 2010s, though, numbers were rebounding and the dunes were seeing more and more. Each year from 2010 through 2018 recorded at least one Piping Plover at the beach.

“For me, this was a very big deal, that you could transform habitat and create habitat and such a dramatic change in the landscape, which led directly to the Piping Plovers,” Pollock says.

Piping Plovers nested at Montrose Beach in 2019, the first in Chicago in 70-plus years, and continue to be a fixture. That first pair, as many readers know, was Monty and Rose.

“Much credit is owed to Leslie [Borns],” Van Haaften says. “She noticed that first tiny plant, took action, and made something possible that even I didn’t believe was possible—that someday Piping Plovers would return.”

Read related posts here:

When last we wrote, the Army had departed its barracks at Montrose Point in 1971 but left the Magic Hedge behind. The park district, with federal funds, hired wrecking firms to raze the old structures and restore the point to a modicum of nature. Within 20 years or so, the hedge was considered the best place in Illinois to see warblers in spring migration.

Reverting the point to something truly natural, though, didn’t happen right away. The park district failed to spend all the money the Army gave them for restoration.1

“All they did with those sites was razed the buildings, grow some grass and plant a few trees,” said Dale Pontius, a longtime user of Jackson and Burnham parks, said at the time.

The Army had left not with a proverbial bang but with a whimper. Recall that many environmentalists and pacifists were upset by the missile bases in the parks in the first place.

“The only ‘shots’ fired in anger in connection with the whole Nike program have been verbal potshots the public has taken at us for taking all that land in the first place,” said an Army Corps of Engineers spokesman in 1975.

A previous post took a look at the shrubs that became the Magic Hedge in detail. The ragged line of honeysuckle was planted to cover up the unsightly military command center. The site was spacious, grassy and devoid of almost any natural habitat. It drew in birds, though, because of its location on a promontory. It takes less energy for birds to fly directly from places like Indiana Dunes over Lake Michigan to Montrose Point than to hug the coastline or head inland.

“The area right next to the Magic Hedge, it was not a prairie or a field, it was a lawn,” says longtime birder Al Stokie.2 “You’d go over to the hedge and in those days that was about all you could go to, they were the only trees there. It had a big lawn and short grass, like walking in the lawn in front of your house.”

The first published reference to the Magic Hedge came in the Chicago Tribune in 1988.3 “The Magic Hedge, a row of bushes at the tip of Montrose peninsula that has a reputation for attracting bizarre wanderers, lived up to its name again this year. The most unusual was a magnificent frigate, a large tropical bird likely blown thousands of miles from the Gulf of Mexico by Hurricane Gilbert.”

Another early reference came in a brief Chicago Tribune article in 1989, noting a rather mundane Black-and-white Warbler.4 It was the warblers that were the draw—and continue to be to this day

“The whole purpose of going to Montrose was doing the hedge area and the harbor looking for the ducks,” Stokie says. “You really didn’t do the fields, there was no prairie, you didn’t do the beach. It wasn’t a big destination, you went to Montrose to look for warblers in the hedge.”

A 1990 sighting of a Brown Pelican drew more attention to the area around the hedge.5 “This is big news,” James Landing, a trustee of the Chicago Audubon Society, said at the time. It was the first Brown Pelican in Illinois north of Quincy. The same piece went on to describe the hedge as a “clump of shrubs and bushes that birders refer to as the ‘magic hedge’ because so many birds are attracted there to feed and rest.”

In October 1998, the Chicago Tribune wrote a large Sunday magazine feature, “Avian Nation,” with the irreverent deckhead “Birding isn’t just for little old ladies anymore.”6 The story profiled several birders including Dave Johnson, Judy Pollock, Carol Nelson, Dennis DeCourcey, and Kanae Hirabayashi, a retired insurance company analyst who visited the Magic Hedge every day. “I ride my bike over there to see these beautiful creatures,” she said, “these very small bodies that have traveled thousands of miles to get here and have farther to go. It’s such a serene feeling.”

By this time a couple of sand dunes had formed over on the east end of Montrose Beach, near where the beach groomers turned around on their daily rounds. A few willows and cottonwoods had sprouted and attracted birds. It was Kanae Hirabayashi who stopped the big bulldozers from taking out the trees.

“[She] put herself in front of the trucks and said ‘stop,’” recalls birder and volunteer steward Leslie Borns. “She said ‘Don’t mow those trees’ and got them to stop mowing.”

Next time we’ll get into the story of those dunes, which more than 25 years later, are one of the more unique natural areas in all of Illinois.

Read previous posts here:

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“Did you hear about this guy who swallowed a yo-yo? ... Yeahhh, on a bet! Some clodhopper down in Griffith, Indiana.”

For a few hours in late December, that was me: a clodhopper down in Griffith, Indiana. I hadn’t swallowed a Duncan product or won a bowling alley (that was in Terre Haute). But I did participate in the Dunes West Christmas Bird Count on a waterlogged day in the final week of 2025.

The rain was a sight to behold. It came down in sheets from about sunrise through the late afternoon. Water was ponding everywhere, and The Region’s many drainage ditches and impoundments were near-overflowing. It was the second straight year the count took place in a deluge. We’re on the edge of the Lake Michigan snow belt, making downpours in the middle of winter—apparently now de rigueur—even more anachronistic.

I found myself on the fringes of the Griffith-Merrillville Airport, its runway just yards from where I located a few soggy passerines. The homes and yards here are quite spread out compared to Chicago. As I trekked toward a promising greenway, I heard chickens clucking from a backyard coop. I wouldn’t get anything but a couple sparrows at the greenway, which presaged an increasingly desperate search for most any bird to count that morning, the rest of which took place from the warm and dry confines of my late model Honda.

At one point I went two hours without seeing a single bird, such was the biblical rainfall. I circled through several cemeteries, studying every tree and shrub and even a few monuments for signs of any movement. Then I scanned a few retention ponds by Costco and Hilton Garden Inn and still came up empty.

I headed back north to Ross, an unincorporated community alongside Gary. Here’s where I encountered a swampy landform, the Cady Marsh Ditch. This humble but wild tract is a remnant of the Lake Michigan strand plain. This once was the ancient lake shore itself, where water sloshed back and forth as the glaciers retreated, leaving a series of remnant shorelines on the landward side. Some of the remnant shorelines resulted in the larger dunes like the Tolleston. There are signs of this all throughout The Region and into Illinois, too. As the glaciers retreated, the earth’s crust rebounded from the weight of the ice. Lake Michigan was much larger and stretched well into Illinois and Indiana. Each time there was a rebound more water went from the southern Great Lakes toward the St. Lawrence River watershed, and the lakes reduced in size. Ancient Lake Michigan receded, leaving little gullies like Cady Marsh Ditch behind. Most of the natural shorelines have long since been eradicated by industry.

I was running out of adjectives to describe the rain when I entered Ridgelawn Cemetery near Ross. There were wooded stands on the periphery of the large graveyard that looked enticing though proved empty. I looked every cemetery tree up and down for signs of life. At the top of one scrawny conifer, there was either a bird or a clump of leaves. It turned out to be a bird, riding out the storm on a lofty perch. It was a small raptor, and when I really focused it was clearly a Merlin.

As there was nothing else to do, I watched it for a while, and it stayed in place despite the conditions. Merlins aren’t around my usual haunts, so this was exciting (in fact, a first for my Indiana life list).

I concluded the day with a list so brief that it could have been written on a napkin. But that Merlin and visiting places like Cady Marsh Ditch made it memorable.

More antics from the Bears

When last we discussed the Chicago Bears’ desire for a new stadium, this space noted that the all-glass façade placed along Lake Michigan would be devastating for birds making their way north or south during migration. The Bears’ stadium situation has long been, well, weird. Helmed by the mercurial McCaskey family, the team renovated the old Soldier Field with a widely panned design back in the early 2000s. The bizarre current situation, though, has many longing for a time when we could just make fun of the old renovation. Soldier Field was rocking this year as the Bears had their best season in recent memory. Millions and millions of dollars are still owed to the state for that 2003 renovation.

Now the forces are aligning for the Bears to play their home games in Hammond, Indiana, just across the Illinois border. Birders’ ears perked up all over Chicagoland when the news came that the site would be at Wolf Lake, a noted avian hotspot. On the Illinois side of the lake, there have been 248 species observed. Adjacent Eggers Grove has seen 254. On the Indiana side—perhaps birded less often—there have been 234 species observed, fifth most of any site in Lake County, Indiana.

The stadium placement would affect both resident and migratory birds. Wolf Lake just isn’t any inland lake, it sits at the southern tip of Lake Michigan meaning it’s along a vital migratory corridor for much of the year. Birds coming from the south use the area as a stopover point when they encounter the vast expanse of the lake—a major obstacle and one that requires inordinate expenditures of energy. A stadium placed there be yet another obstacle in getting to the northern breeding grounds. In fall migration, the problem would be reversed. Then there are all the breeding birds like Mute Swans and Caspian Terns that would be pushed to the western side of Wolf Lake as the stadium is constructed.

Commissioner Roger Goodell is said to have visited Wolf Lake as part of a Bears-led tour of potential sites. I wonder if he brought a spotting scope to view the swans.

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It’s been a good winter for American Robins locally. There’s probably a scientific reason for this, but all I know is that I’ve found concentrations of robins throughout the city and suburbs. Discussing robins in winter has long been a hobby horse for me. In one of the first posts for Ye Olde Substacke, I spoke with Bob Fisher about robins. No one has seen more robins in Chicagoland winter than Bob. In winter, robins subsist on berries; the ones we see here are likely birds that breed much farther north—note that robins breed north of the Arctic Circle!

Further, you might recall the time robins invaded the Back 40 thanks to a grub outbreak a couple years ago:

As if on cue, Northern Cardinals began singing on February 1. Cardinals are already staking out territory, and you may see several males fighting amongst themselves for breeding space, even in February. A subtle sign that spring is on the way. A cardinal belting out a song before dawn gives one hope in this gloomiest month. Five years ago I wrote:

Starlings come in murmurations, crows in murders, and magpies in a parliament. It doesn’t appear there’s an official term for a flock of cardinals. But If there was such a term for cardinals, for me it would be an appreciation.

In the handful of years I’ve been birding the Lake Border Upland, I can count only a couple of observations of a Pine Siskin. These small finches are a sort of nomadic species, especially in the East. They chase after seed crops, and truly delight in the catkins high in mature trees. This winter has been a good one for siskins in this corner of the Upper Midwest. I had to do a double-take when I heard their buzzy, rising zrrreeee call at a favorite winter spot for passerines. Then, on the same day, a careful study of my feeder yielded a siskin in among the goldfinches. They have been regular here for several weeks now.

It’s easy to want to wish this month of the birding season away. Instead, why not embrace it? The woods are quiet as are the prairie paths and lakefront breakwalls.

My kind of music

Congress of Starlings enthralled the crowd on February 6 at the legendary Old Town School of Folk Music. The local indie favorites, led by birder Aerin Tedesco, sang and strummed their way through songs about shrikes, ravens, ovenbirds, and, of course, Piping Plovers (full disclosure: their original song “The Gift” appeared in my “Monty and Rose” films). A vocal contingent of Piping Plover monitors in the audience made it known that this was music for birders by birders. Their new album, “Orphans,” is available via Bandcamp. It includes “The Gift” and songs like “O Peregrine” and “Ravensong.” The song “Outside Chance” appeared in the feature-length “The World of Monty and Rose.” Kudos also to opening act Modern Drugs, from Champaign-Urbana, which rocked the house with power pop and hook-laden rock.

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When last we wrote, the Army had just installed a Nike missile base spanning Chicago’s Montrose Point and Belmont Harbor. The Integrated Fire Control, command center, and barracks were positioned at Montrose Point, and the missiles themselves were 24 feet underground in magazines just south of Belmont Harbor. The military had taken over the parkland during World War II and soon after the completion of the Montrose-to-Foster extension, essentially a landfill that pushed the shoreline east by nearly 1 mile.

Army Spc. Richard Liepold of Mishawaka, Indiana, was just 20 years old when he was stationed at a Nike base in Arlington Heights, Illinois.1 Liepold, small in stature and often with a mischievous grin, was the primary subject of a 1959 article that appeared in the Chicago Daily Tribune. He was perhaps typical of the young men at missile defense sites across the country, including at Montrose Point. The experience of being a missile man was generally an exercise in monotony, though Liepold noted that “there is usually too much to do around here. And there is plenty to keep us occupied off duty.” A photo accompanying the article shows Liepold playing pool in the recreation hall, and it’s also said that he and others go into the town of Arlington Heights for fun off-duty. There was a television set in the day room, a library, and a space for ceramics and wood crafts.

Liepold’s work day began at 5:30 a.m., and he was in the chow line for breakfast from 6 to 7 a.m. By 7:45 a.m., he was awaiting orders as he was headed to the missile pits. The article notes: “The men check every missile, testing every fin or vane, every screw, every large or small part, making sure that they are completely clean.” Sometimes, though, the men were just sweeping up or mowing the grass. Practice alerts and crew drills were done weekly, and every four days one of the batteries would get a “15-minute standby” order. The battalions had to be ready for sneak planes all day, every day.

Landscaping would seem to be the furthest thing from military planners’ minds, but outcry about blighted views may have brought shrubbery to the fore. It’s that vegetation that would become the Magic Hedge and a haven for birds (and birders) by the 1980s. Soon after the bases opened, residents spoke out against unsightly radar towers and other structures, all surrounded by barbed wire fencing. A lack of lake views and a decrease in property values were a real concern. There was a lot to be riled up about, what with the ceding of city land to the military rent free.

Hyde Park resident Leon Despres (pronounced de-pray), who would go on to become a longtime alderman, was among those objecting to the missile bases.2 Despres spoke at a park district hearing on the matter in 1956, concerned about the lakefront and places like nearby Promontory Point, the command center for the Nikes placed in Jackson Park to the south. Despres was a fixture of Chicago independent politics for decades and became something of an icon. A young Bernie Sanders once worked on his aldermanic election, and Despres served as a political mentor to a young organizer named Barack Obama. Upon Despres’ death in 2009, the then-President issued a statement: “Through two decades on the Chicago City Council and a long lifetime of activism, Leon Despres was an indomitable champion for justice and reform. With an incisive mind, rapier wit and unstinting courage, he waged legendary battles against the corruption and discrimination that blighted our city, and he lived every one of his 101 years with purpose and meaning. I have been blessed by his wise counsel and inspired by his example.”

Despres was among the pacifists and environmentalists speaking out in opposition along with the Illinois Audubon Society and community organizations based in Hyde Park. Advocates suggested that a battery be moved to a landfill island off-shore from Hollywood Avenue on the Far North Side. Perhaps the fight against the Nike installations was what helped Despres get elected 5th Ward alderman in the first place. Without Leon Despres, perhaps Obama doesn’t get elected State Senator.

Around the same time the Army was facing another opponent: the Air Force. The Army’s second-generation Nike missiles, or Hercules, had a range of about 75 miles; the Air Force’s Bomarc missiles had a range of 200 miles.3 The Air Force had been criticizing the effectiveness of the Nikes—and specifically the effectiveness of the Chicago air command. One wonders if the critiques were a factor in the demise of the Nikes, even as the Army rolled out Ajax, Hercules, and eventually Zeus missiles. The first bases to close in the Chicago area were as early as 1962, at least in the case of the Burnham Park site.4

But likely the bigger factor was the development of the intercontinental Minuteman missile. The launch of Sputnik had shaken the U.S. military. It was now possible that an ICBM could be fired from the Soviet Union toward the mainland United States, and that a U.S.-based missile could intercept it from most anywhere. The Army increasingly was turning to the Minuteman, stationed in places like Grand Forks, North Dakota, and Malmstrom, Montana.

The number of Nike sites were gradually decreasing in the Vietnam years. Some closed in the Chicago-Gary defense area in the early ’60s, others closed as late as 1974. After 15 years or so in operation, the Nike missile site spanning Belmont Harbor and Montrose Point was announced to be closed in June of 1971. With priorities shifting and the missile bases nearly obsolete, the Department of the Army’s historical summary from that year captured the moment well:

“During fiscal year 1971, with combat operations in Vietnam drastically reduced…the dimensions of a new Army challenge began to emerge. How could the Army, on the heels of an unpopular war, in the face of antimilitary sentiment and social ferment, with reduced strength and appropriations, and without resort to the draft, maintain a strong, viable, and professional ground force to meet its current and future roles and missions?5”

Wrecking firms were hired for $200,175 by the Park District Board with Defense Department funds. The demolitions, including blasting of underground bunkers, were completed on July 19, 1971, the date the Army terminated its lease. Aerial photos show that within two years the site at Montrose was virtually erased. The hedge was still standing, though, and it’s visible in the middle of this photo.

The Army had dramatically altered the character of Montrose Point. But the changes wouldn’t be permanent, as anyone can tell you who’s been there recently. Next time we’ll look at the arrival of birds (and birders) at the Magic Hedge, and the making of a hotspot that draws birdwatchers from across the country.

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Read the other stories in this series:

When we left off, none other than the great landscape architect Alfred Caldwell was making plans to turn Montrose Point into a masterpiece of park design. The Montrose-to-Foster extension, which developed the location for recreational purposes, had been completed in early 1934. But the attack on Pearl Harbor and the U.S. involvement in World War II put much on hold. Including the plans for Montrose Point.

The heart of the heart of what is now the Montrose Point Bird Sanctuary is the Magic Hedge. It’s become harder to discern the hedge through the years, as the vegetation has grown up all around it, but at one time it was the avian centerpiece of this unusual landform jutting into Lake Michigan. The hedge was known to attract dozens of warbler species making their way north during spring migration. It was such a magnet that it was considered magical for the way it drew in birds. It was specifically the Magic Hedge that was the draw for birds—and birders—in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, even more than the entirety of the point.

How the hedge got there has been a little unclear (at least to me), and I’ve heard different things through the years.1 It’s often been stated that the hedge existed to cover up a missile base that was located on the point during the Cold War. That’s only partly true, though, as we’ll get into in this piece.

It may not be that important what this place was, though, except for particularly curious birders like me, but it does provide a glimpse into American society from the Korean War through Vietnam. As I read through army reports, there was an emphasis on the imminent threat posed by the Soviet Union and China. “The communist threat of aggression is global in scope,” stated the 1953 Semi-Annual Report from the Secretary of Defense. “It is a threat against the Free World as a whole, and against our own Nation in particular, because the existence of a strong, free, and determined United States is the most formidable barrier to communist world domination.”2

The country was fighting the Korean War when the decision was made to build defensive missile installations at dozens of locations around major cities. It was a massive and expensive undertaking and not without controversy. In addition to protecting civilians, the defense rings were meant to protect commerce, hence the build-up around places like Gary, Indiana, what with its steel mills and nearby oil refineries. Enemies could strike a blow to supply chain as well as people, and the Great Lakes was pivotal to national security. Another place mentioned as crucial was the area around the Soo Locks that connect Lake Superior and Lake Huron.3 The locks handled the iron ore from the ranges in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan that provided 83 percent of the supply for American steel. It was there that the army placed balloon barrages to protect the locks.4 These were unmanned zeppelin-shaped balloons with steel cables hanging down to protect against air attack.

Short-range, 90mm gun batteries already were set up on Chicago’s lakeshore by 1950, around the same time President Truman announced that the Soviet Union had developed an atomic bomb.5 The area around Montrose was an early site for air defense, as Chicago Mayor Martin Kennelly and Park District President James Gately were said to have observed an artillery demonstration at Montrose Avenue and the Outer Drive in 1951.6 Another report states that artillery was positioned east of Montrose Harbor before the site became associated with the Nike program. The idea of using parkland for military purposes wasn’t completely unknown. At least 10 anti-aircraft gun sites were already set up on the lakefront—and continued to be—even as the missile sites were put in place.7 The brigades most likely were housed in Jamesway tents, which were long, wooden structures with curved roofs something like Quonset huts.8

When lightning struck an ammunition dump inland on Foster Avenue and caused a major explosion, questions were raised about the utility of the anti-aircraft batteries—and their safety.9 The explosions at Foster and Kedzie Avenue were heard as far south as the Loop and as far north as Evanston. Miraculously, all of the soldiers quartered at the site survived the disaster. A colonel in the Army defended the artillery in 1953, stating the guns were a last-ditch defense against sneak planes. “We are not wasting taxpayers’ money putting them there just for looks,” he said.10

After at least eight years of research and development, the Army was prepared to announce new batteries featuring surface-to-air anti-aircraft missiles or the first generation of Nike guided missiles in 1953.11 The Army announced the Chicago area sites in late 1954—one of 12 sites that were expected to be constructed by the following May. Prior to then, missiles and rockets were simply aimed at targets and fired. They couldn’t be controlled remotely or with internal equipment. That changed with the Nike.

Nike missiles were touted as a game-changer by the Army. Named for the mythological Greek goddess of victory, they were 20 feet in length, could fly from 1,200-1,500 mph, and reach targets as high as 15 miles and 35 miles distant. The ordnance would be placed underground in magazines and hoisted into position by hydraulic lifts like those in an auto mechanic’s shop. The bunkers were accompanied by refuge and control rooms where the crew would remain while the missiles fired.12

The sites would include trained gunners, and radar and electronic specialists on full-time duty. The squadron would be made up of six officers and 88 enlisted men, majority career soldiers, at each site. Interestingly, many of the local sites are in prime birding locales today: Skokie Lagoons, Argonne National Laboratory, Indiana Dunes, Wolf Lake, the Cal-Sag Channel, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park. Lake Michigan prevented setting up missile batteries on the eastern flank of the city. Placing them on warships in the lake was too expensive, so the next best options were the lakefront parks. One site positioned at the end of a runway at Meigs Field eventually was moved because of the obvious hazard to planes.13

The layout of the batteries leads us to one of the misconceptions about the Magic Hedge. I thought I’d heard that the shrubs covered up missiles at Montrose Point. But that never was the case, despite the area’s use as an artillery site going back to the late 1940s. The important thing to remember is that the Nike missiles themselves were never placed at Montrose. The missiles were stored in magazines 24 feet underground at the southern edge of Belmont Harbor, approximately 1 mile south. Montrose served as the command center and radar site, located where the beach house is now, in smaller buildings that may or may not remain. The barracks for the 100 or so men stationed there were uphill from the command center, at the center of Montrose Point, roughly where the Magic Hedge is today.

Every site in the Nike missile program was designed in a similar way, with the command center, sometimes called Integrated Fire Control, about 1 mile away from the underground magazines like those at Belmont. The adjacent barracks at Montrose included mess, recreation hall, and a motor pool. At this time, and for many years afterward, vehicles could drive out to the far eastern edge of the point via a road on the southern edge. You can see two cars parked in the photo at the top of this post. It must have been convenient for the anglers going for perch and smelt off the point!

As for the appearance of the barracks themselves, I have yet to find a clear photo of the structure at Montrose Point. In the next post, we’re going to get a glimpse of some rarely seen aerial photos of the point in the ’60s and ’70s. But finding a ground-level shot of the barracks would take a level of digging that is impractical as of this writing.

Other installations in the Chicago-Gary defense ring offer some clues, though. They likely were simple one-story rectangular structures that served as residences and administrative buildings. Radar towers were large and spherical in shape; the launcher areas, like the one at Belmont Harbor, look like mini airport runways or tarmac. In Barrington, Illinois, part of the Palatine installation, a 1968 image shows what a barracks looked like a few years after closure. There are a few scattered trees and some overgrown shrubs and not much else. Nothing here suggests a hedge was a standard component of missile site landscaping.

Another site, near Wheeler, Indiana, may still be visible today. In a 1999 application for the national historic register, it was said that “Although deteriorated, the buildings of both parcels are basically intact…Buildings in the Control or Administration Area are in fair to good condition.” The area for that site now appears to be used for a paintball business called “Blastcamp,” appropriately enough.14

One question that’s arisen is whether the warheads in Chicago were nuclear. A newspaper announcement said Chicago was getting atomic weapons, around the time the Hercules generation of the Nike deployed in 1958.15 The army displayed an atom-tipped Hercules at Belmont Harbor, though it wasn’t immediately deployed there. The Portage-Wheeler installation certainly had nukes; the idea was that a short-range nuclear weapon could take out a whole squadron of bombers at once.

The placement of the missiles in Chicago faced public outcry from pacifists and environmentalists. Just a year or so after opening the missile base, a $20,000 initiative sought to beautify the entrances to the Nike sites at Montrose/Belmont Harbor, Burnham Park, and Promontory Point/Jackson Park.16 Most likely these dollars funded the shrubs that became the Magic Hedge. The plantings arrived because residents had spoken out against unsightly radar towers and other structures, all surrounded by barbed wire fencing.

In less than two decades, the plans for Montrose Point had gone from Burnham-inspired natural beauty and recreational space to something far different. Next time we’ll take a look at one of the people who opposed the Chicago bases and what happened when the army finally left. By the late ’60s, the Nike bases were becoming obsolete with the advent of intercontinental ballistic missiles.

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The 1909 Plan of Chicago, co-authored by Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett, included a vision for lakefront parks extending all along the city’s shore. Burnham and Bennett1 viewed these lands as recreational, an escape from the drudgery of daily, manual labor.2 One difference from what came to be: the Burnham plan featured a chain of islands from downtown north all the way to Wilmette.3

The city began extending and expanding parkland northward as part of a plan adopted in 1919.4 First from Diversey to Montrose, beginning in 1925, then the Montrose-to-Foster extension that added 308 acres of land to Lincoln Park, including “the largest artificial bathing beach in the world,” what is now Montrose Beach. The Outer Drive would be expanded to ease congestion from cars that had clogged Sheridan Road and Clarendon Avenue.5 There was also the hope that visitors to the 1933 World’s Fair could motor along the lake for the entire length of the city.6

Planners accommodated the extremes of Chicago’s climate: protecting the Outer Drive and adjacent property from vicious winter storms and providing sandy areas for swimming when temperatures approached 100. Burnham’s plan envisioned a waterfront “playground” and grassy areas that ran up to beaches where the lake could meet the shore untrammeled.7 The interwar plans for recreation included a new yacht harbor—the deepest in Chicago—and an 18-hole golf course as well as picnic grounds and tennis courts.8

The beaches along the North Side lakefront were being overcrowded with bathers in the 1920s. The entirety of the North Side project would expand capacity to 185,000 bathers.9 More than 30,000 people had flocked to Clarendon Beach on a single day in the early 1920s and nearly 450,000 had visited annually. Included in the 1920s-era plan was a $500,000 pavilion “with every modern convenience” at Montrose Beach. Some portion of this may still stand today.10

All was well and good until a resident of Wilson Avenue named Clementine Eddy Fisk protested the loss of waterfront by filing a lawsuit. Pushing the lakefront out by almost a mile would be a loss of beachfront property and lake views. In the 1930 Census, she and her husband, William, both 65, listed their occupation as “dry goods.” Mrs. Fisk disputed the plan for two years. A judge eventually ruled in favor of the condemnation of the Fisk property, a 158 by 298 foot lot at Wilson Avenue and the lake.11 At the center of the dispute were riparian rights, but the decision allowed the condemnation of private property for public use. Mrs. Fisk’s primary residence was at 844 Wilson Avenue, a half-block inland from the lake, so presumably she could remain in her home. The park board then proceeded with contracts for the construction of a park fill from Montrose Avenue to Foster Avenue.

January 1931 renderings showed the expanded lakefront and Outer Drive, North Avenue Beach, Montrose Avenue Beach, and a never-built Edgewater Harbor.12 That included a beach on the north side of the harbor that would have been parallel with Devon Avenue. About where Loyola University’s lakeshore campus sits today.

Warren Wright was President of the Lincoln Park Board and President of the Calumet Baking Powder Company. In extolling the benefits of the extended Lincoln Park, in April 1931, Mr. Wright said, “The taxpayers of the Lincoln park district are like the stockholders in a going corporation, except that instead of receiving cash dividends, the returns on their money are computed in the use of the park system and participation in the recreation and pleasure that park activities afford.”13

Some accounts suggest work began on the extension in 1929. The harbor got under way in the Winter of 1930-1931. Beach construction between Montrose and Wilson started sometime the following year, as part of the Chicago Jubilee Celebration. The piers that protruded—Montrose and North Avenue stand out in particular—were meant for recreation and to corral sand for the beaches (the lake’s prevailing currents are from north to south).14 Lake-bottom dredging of sand filled in what nature couldn’t.

By August 1934, an article in the Daily Times described newly opened Montrose Beach, complete with lockers, showers, and comfort facilities as well as brick ovens for beach fires. Columnist Jane Logan, however, wrote that the bulk of North Side beaches lacked “the comfort facilities necessary to protect bathers from disease germs.”15 The Board of Health deemed several beaches unsafe, including Montrose (listed as Wilson), and called for expanded comfort stations and showers. Boaters were at fault, too, and Belmont Harbor was described as “an absolute menace to health.” (These newspaper stories suggesting a 1934 completion of the extension would seem to dispel the notion that the Montrose extension was driven by the New Deal or was a Works Progress Administration project—claims this author has seen elsewhere. The New Deal didn’t begin until 1933 when FDR took office; the WPA did not come into being until May 6, 1935. Funding for the extension was provided by the issuing of bonds in the late ’20s.)16

It was around this time that the esteemed landscape architect, Alfred Caldwell, proposed a design for the middle of the point, the roughly circular area that is the Montrose Point Bird Sanctuary today. Caldwell adhered to the principles of the Prairie School and was an acolyte of Jens Jensen, who’s known for designs including Columbus Park, Garfield Park, and Humboldt Park. Caldwell is perhaps most known now for Chicago’s Alfred Caldwell Lily Pool, which is a National Historic Landmark. A 2001 article in Landscape and Urban Planning described Caldwell’s Montrose design as “a large meadow enclosed by multi-layered masses of wildflowers, shrubs, and trees, with openings that created views to the lake and the park landscape beyond the point.”17 The idea was to develop a Prairie School concept known as “the broad view” that symbolizes the open prairie but is enclosed by shrubs and trees to create an experience something like a room with walls. But Caldwell’s design never was built. The attack on Pearl Harbor, and the United States’ entry into World War II, would alter the plans for Montrose Point. More in a future post.

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I first saw Aerin Tedesco and Andrea Bunch of Congress of Starlings perform at a Chicago Ornithological Society event at The Galway Arms on Clark Street. Later, I had the good fortune of including their music in the Monty and Rose films, including the original song “The Gift” about the birds’ arrival.

Then Aerin set a state record for an Illinois big year by a female birder. We chatted recently about Congress of Starlings’ new release, Orphans, including a show at the fabled Old Town School of Folk Music, on Friday, February 6, at 6 p.m.

TWiB: The last time we talked (for the newsletter) you had just set the Illinois record for a big year among women. Have you been “chasing” as much as you did that year (2020)?

AT: I have never in my life chased as much as that year and my Champaign County big year in 2021! So no. That said, some great stuff has been popping up here and there in the state and counties near me, and I managed to get on most of these birds! I found the second ever recorded Red-necked Grebe at Riverbend in Champaign County, and picked up county lifers Glossy Ibis, Loggerhead Shrike, Brewer's Blackbird, and just [last week], Townsend's Solitaire! I also added a bunch of birds to bump up my Vermilion County life list to 204. I also was able to chase the Short-billed Gull in Rock Island. I found it on the Iowa side and had to wait 45 minutes for it to get up and fly past the middle of the river to the Illinois side! That was Illinois state lifer 355 (and 140 for Iowa)! It has been fun chasing these birds and finding other regulars, and must less intense and exhausting than big year chasing!

TWiB: I know your backyard has been a hotspot for you. Can you tell us about some of your favorite sightings and why you think it attracts so many birds?

AT: Yeah, my yard is absolutely unreal! It has a mix of native trees and plants as well as invasives like honeysuckle. It’s really not all that impressive. But here’s why I think birds show up. The city of Champaign is surrounded by corn and soy. It is essentially an agricultural wasteland for birds—most birds can’t and won’t utilize that kind of habitat. The city has old growth trees, lots of useful native and non-native plants and some folks putting up feeders and water features. So the city itself becomes kind of a wildlife refuge inside the unusable ag habitat. Just putting out a small water feature with a pump is a really great attractor because they can hear the water. On very hot days and very cold days it is a huge draw for birds. I had some great stuff show up again this year: Black-billed Cuckoo, Pine, Mourning and Black-throated Blue Warblers, Olive-sided Flycatcher, and Yellow-breasted Chat (twice!). The best bird by far, though, has been a red morph Eastern Screech-Owl roosting in a cavity in the crabapple tree right outside my kitchen window! It showed up for the first time on November 21 and stayed four days, then again on December 19 and 20, and January 2 through 4! I feel so, so lucky that this bird chose my yard and that I get to see it so often! It’s really incredible and special...

TWiB: It has been a few years since I recall a Congress of Starlings release. What prompted this project between you and Andrea? Are there other collaborators?

AT: This album is a LONG time coming! Andrea and I lead busy lives, so finding time to record was difficult and the album just kept getting put off and put off. So we are THRILLED to finally get these songs onto an album. The reason it is called Orphans is because these songs are like little neglected things that didn’t get the attention they deserved for way too long! The album features Andrea on guitar, keys and vocals, Greg Nergaard on bass, and Lindsay Weinberg on vocals and keys. Also, the guy who recorded and engineered the album, Ryan Groff (Modern Drugs), also plays guitar and sings on quite a few tracks. I played any drums you hear on the record because of logistics and time, but Janet Cramer will be playing drums at the album release show on February 6 at the Old Town School. The album is also unique because this time I wrote all the songs. Since I recorded all the main stuff in Champaign and Andrea, Greg and Lindsay recorded in Chicago and sent me files to edit and mix, it was a long process. Andrea and I decided to just do my songs this time. Perhaps we will do an album of songs she wrote at some point, too.

TWiB: How meaningful is it to play at Old Town School, a place that’s seen so many luminaries through the years?

AT: I feel totally honored and thrilled that we get to play at the Old Town School! It is hands-down one of the best listening rooms in Chicago and the sound engineers know that room and make everything sound awesome! To take the stage where, as you said, so many incredible and talented musicians played is kind of mind-blowing if you think about it! It is the perfect place to bring this album to life live, and we couldn’t be happier we get to play there!

TWiB: I don’t think I’ve ever asked—how did you get into music? Any formative experiences you can mention?

AT: I’ve been singing since I was really small and took voice lessons starting in my teens. I started playing violin in 5th grade and guitar in 10th. Music was always something I was drawn to from a very young age, so it’s hard to say if there was any one thing that get me into it. At risk of sounding cliche, I really do think it’s just in my blood...

Orphans is available for purchase at Bandcamp starting February 6. Listen to the song “Today the Birds Are Saving My Life” here:

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As this newsletter has lingered on a tiny corner of the internet, occasionally it has caught the attention of a purveyor of the public relations arts. The most recent pitch had to do with the tale of a “professional birder” appearing on a non-birding reality television show. No offense to the human who sent the pitch: I’ve been there. Cold calls, mass emails, in-person solicitation. We’ve all done it one time or another.

This got me thinking, though, what is a “professional” birder? Does the term fall into the same category as self-employed model or freelance bartender? If there is a way to make a living by birding, sign me up. I’ll be the first to get paid to wander around looking for birds all day.

The term “professional birder” implies that there’s some entity out there paying someone to go birding. If we think of it in professional sports terms, maybe it’s like a golfer or tennis player: a tournament puts up big money winnings for the best professionals out there. The thing is, does this type of racket exist? I know there’s a World Series of Birding. But last I checked, the winnings weren’t monetary. It was more about bragging rights, the satisfaction of being the best, and maybe getting a trophy.

One then wonders what the measures are for success. Is it based on number of species? The pro birder in Ecuador, say, would then have many advantages over someone who may live in the Midwest. There would need to be geographical divisions or something like a golf handicap to make things fair.

Some of us may long for the day when birding becomes the professional equivalent of bass fishing. It once would have been laughable to think people could make a living competing in tournaments put on by the BASS organization (Bass Anglers Sportsman Society).1 Now it’s a sport that at one time aired regularly on cable TV and drew scores of fans to its nationwide tour (indeed it looks like Bassmasters is still going strong).

If “professional birder” can be a title alongside architect, doctor, lawyer, or teacher the world would be a better place—or at least somewhere that lazy birders could still earn a buck beyond dog walking, donating plasma, or window washing. Judging by the parsimony of many bird folk—we could all appreciate a chance to turn a dollar or two.

If birding graduates to a profession, we could expect it will be regulated to death and eventually lose its charm. The governing bodies will keep us from going off-trail or pishing in a bird from a tangle of scrub. We’ll lose the grassroots charm as corporate sponsorship grows and birders issue vanilla answers to questions from the media. The birding commissioners will sanction us for excessive twerking or gyrating when celebrating the location of a rarity.

What next? Professional stamp collecting? Gardening? Scrapbooking? The list goes on.

The more I think about it, though, we already live in a world where people compete in professional video games, hot dog eating, and bean bag toss. Adding birding to the sporting oeuvre isn’t so far-fetched. Many of us have been waiting for this moment for a long time.

TWiB leading a new class

Early 2026 finds me developing content for a new Adult Education class that focuses on birds as they eat, sleep, sing, and dance. “Up Close and Personal with Birds” is the name of a class that will take place for four weeks starting on April 1. Registration for the class opens on January 14 for Newberry Associates and on January 21 to the general public. Learn more about the class here.

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Mourning Dove

For whatever reason, juvenile Mourning Doves have taken to our mostly nondescript urban backyard. Two years ago I got decent footage of an adult Mourning Dove feeding two little ones crop milk. This summer, a pair of juveniles hung around the garden while an adult stayed nearby.

Great Blue Heron

Back in early April, before the trees had leafed out, Great Blue Herons were still arranging their nests and preparing for breeding season. Young herons hatched by the end of May and had left the nest by mid-June. I shared this story in last week’s video.

Clay-colored Sparrow

Sparrows don’t do much for most people, but for some of us they are exciting. Clays are plain birds in a family of plain birds. Observed on June 22, this was the latest spring sighting for Clay-colored Sparrow in Cook County, Illinois, in 2025. Please clap.

Least Grebe

For this one, I had to get to grebe-level for a decent photo. That meant floating a kayak onto a particularly weedy brackish pond. These appear to be immature Least Grebes, but I can’t say much more about their age: Least Grebes breed in the tropics year-round and immatures are likely always a possibility.

Northern Cardinal

Way back in February, I was experimenting with a solar-powered wifi-enabled bird feeder. This photo would suggest that cardinals very well may be the inspiration for Angry Birds.

Brown Thrasher

This photo won’t win any awards, and I’m perfectly fine with that. This was a first for my local patch; thrashers are just hard to find around my neighborhood. It was a foggy day, and I heard the bird’s bizarre repertoire of songs.

Happy New Year! Thanks for reading This Week in Birding in 2025.

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Throughout April, there was a lot of sitting on the nest and so presumably egg-laying was under way. Nesting season starts early—even when Aprils are frosty—but there still would be about four weeks before the appearance of chicks. I was starting to wonder if chicks had hatched by the second week of May. The herons seemed to be as fastidious as usual about their nests and sticks, but maybe there was more to it. It was hard to tell even through a scope (at nearly 100 yards away and 40 feet below them).

Then on May 12 I finally saw a movement in one of the nests. That moment is depicted in the video above. It was indeed one of the rakish-looking chicks with a shaggy head of feathers. It appeared to be just one chick, though. If others were up there, they were doing a good job of staying hidden.

Something strange happened in northeastern Illinois on May 16: an unprecedented dust storm blew in that darkened skies and lashed the region with 70 mph winds. I thought of the herons on those nests and how they would have to ride out the gale so exposed in the tall trees. A storm like that one is a mortal risk to the herons, especially the young one that was not yet able to fly. A toppled tree would mean time on the ground, and exposure to a raccoon, fox, or coyote.

I wasn’t able to visit for a couple weeks, but when I got back I observed something stunning: four juveniles with wild crests standing brazenly in one of the nests, an adult accompanying them. The family had apparently weathered the dust storm. The young ones were noisy, too, emitting squawks that were something akin to a grackle or parrot.

I was only able to visit again about a week later, but by this point at least one of the fledglings had ventured from the nest onto another nearby tree.

I haven’t shared this story until now because there was nothing particularly exceptional about it. In fact, it was mundane and sometimes watching the birds was a little boring. Great Blue Herons are downright common and rookeries aren’t terribly hard to find. But for a few weeks it was a front-row seat to something I’d never really stopped to observe before. And that was what made all those visits worth it.

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When the last Great American Novelist wrote about being a birder, it got some attention. It also might have given some people the confidence to start opening up about their affinity for birds. To give you a sense of the 2005 zeitgeist, here is an excerpt from “My Bird Problem.”

…in the year following my introduction to the veery, as I began to bird more often and stay out longer, I had a creeping sense of shame about what I was doing. Even as I was learning my gulls and sparrows, I took care, in New York, not to wear my binoculars on a strap but to carry them cupped discreetly in one hand, and if I brought a field guide to the Park I made sure to keep the front cover, which had the word “BIRDS” in large type, facing inward. On a trip to London, I mentioned to a friend there, a book editor who is a very stylish dresser, that I’d seen a green woodpecker eating ants in Hyde Park, and he made a face and said, “Oh, Christ, don’t tell me you’re a twitcher.” An American friend, the editor of a design magazine, also a sharp dresser, similarly clutched her head when I told her I’d been looking at birds. “No, no, no, no, no, no,” she said. “You are not going to be a bird-watcher.”

The New Yorker piece is quite an expansive article, the long-form kind rarely seen anymore. It ranges from birding to accounts of a few failed romantic relationships and grieving a parent. Franzen relates the story of seeing a potential Masked Duck at Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge in south Texas. He then shares the sighting by telling a few birders on the same trail. This was the way to share an important sighting in 2005—word of mouth or maybe a few telephone calls. Nowadays people would be thumbing an entry into a local birding group chat and word would spread almost immediately. In 2005, it was a slower pace and you were lucky if a sighting might be mentioned on a message board a few days later. “Jonathan Franzen reported a Masked Duck, and we looked and looked but couldn’t find it,” someone might post after the fact.

Indeed, Franzen’s Masked Duck, um, led to some questions. There was quite a bit of concern that what he’d seen was a female Ruddy Duck, which also has striping on the face and is a more common bird. He encounters three guys “with good equipment” who asks if he’s seen anything interesting.

“Not much,” I said, “except a masked duck.”

All three began to talk at once.

“A masked duck!”

“Masked duck?”

“Where, exactly? Show us on the map.”

“You’re familiar with the ruddy duck You do know what a female ruddy looks like.”

“Are you sure it was a masked duck?”

I said that, yes, I’d seen female ruddies, we had them in Central Park, and this wasn’t a ruddy duck I said it was as if somebody had dipped two fingers in black ink and—

“Was it alone?”

“Were there others?”

“A masked duck!”

One of the men took out a pen, wrote down my name, and had me pinpoint the location on a map. His companions were already moving down the trail I’d come up.

“And you’re sure it was a masked duck,” the third man said.

“It wasn’t a ruddy,” I said.

Franzen went on with his birding and reported his sighting of a Masked Duck to the official tally at a nature center. It was a risky move, and any intermediate-to-beginner birder can relate to the trepidation when one really believes they’ve seen something interesting but has a tiny, persistent shred of doubt.

It may not come as a surprise to the readers of his sometimes-manic novels, but Franzen is still obsessing over the sighting the following day. He calls the nature center to ask if anyone had reported a Masked Duck. Still, the only sighting was his, the first all winter in fact.

Writing down people’s names, pinpointing on a paper map. The nature center tally. Some of these aspects of birding don’t really exist any more, and it’s a little sad. Birding was a much smaller hobby back then, and it really was startling to run into another birder in the field. Much of official birding was reported in the form of newsletters, magazines, and journals. It was a more tactile experience with paper checklists and a bound field guide.

Toward the end of the story, Franzen writes that he’d at least temporarily had enough of big-time birding. After several days in south Texas, he yearns to go back to his familiar environs of New York City. Still, we know Franzen has long since continued to be an avid birder and ornithological advocate.

That leads me to the second portion of today’s post. I was just getting ready to write a piece titled, “Maybe owls shouldn’t be photographed at all” when I re-read “My Bird Problem” and the news came across about the Snowy Owls at Chicago’s Montrose Point.

Snowy Owls are regular visitors to Chicago’s lakefront. But something about these Snowy Owls caught on. Maybe it was that they were relatively easy to find. And that they stayed for several days. The owls drew numerous people from out of state, and many were eager to post high-res photos of the birds to social media. It seemed everyone was channeling their inner Marty Stouffer or Jim Fowler. Harry Potter fans thought they’d found a real-life Hedwig. Most were inexperienced birders.

Some of the posts on Facebook didn’t even make sense. It was becoming more and more exasperating reading statements from people who didn’t know much about owls, birding, or even science. In response to calls for caution, one poster wrote of the owls: “They look back at us, which means they like the attention.”

Enough already.

As I wrote last year about owl etiquette:

Ideally, you will keep your distance far enough that the owl will not notice you. If it looks at you with its “horns up” and eyes open then you should step away and cease any photography (Snowies don’t have horns, but you get the point).

And:

Caution should be used when publicly reporting the presence of an owl. Only share the information with a small group of trusted birders and avoid posting specific locations to social media or listservs.

These statements became moot when reports of the Snowy Owls made it into the news and were even picked up nationally by The Associated Press. It was still a very 2025 birding story in that social media created a self-perpetuating loop that fueled the frenzy. Again, back in 2005 these owls would have been seen by many fewer people.

So, back to my original idea for a post. Owl etiquette suggests keeping sightings quiet, meaning avoiding eBird and social media. What if we take this a step further and avoid photographing owls altogether? There are plenty of photos of owls already out in the world. Is there any need to photograph them any more? If you see an owl, take a look through binoculars or a scope and enjoy it for a few moments—at a distance. Then make yourself scarce.

Am I naive to think that people could see an owl and NOT photograph it—or for that matter, post it to social media—in 2025? If we can make standards about not disturbing owls generally, why not expand it to a new norm around not photographing them at all? This may be impossible at scale, but perhaps it’s an approach I will utilize moving forward.

Sometime in 2020, I was fortunate to visit Humboldt Park with artist and Chicago icon Tony Fitzpatrick. He was there with some friends, going for a walk and feeding the ducks and geese.

Going to Humboldt Park was for Tony the equivalent of going to Yellowstone for most people. The park’s not really what you’d call wild, but that didn’t matter to Tony. For so many city dwellers, the park is a place to breathe, unwind a bit and maybe have a barbecue. Go down to the lagoon and chop it up while feeding the mallards.

Let me preface this by saying Tony and I weren’t great friends. And so this isn’t meant to be an obituary. I’ll be the first to say I didn’t really know him that well. I only benefited from his generosity and absorbing some of his world view.

I met Tony the first time I attended a Birds & Beers event soon after quitting a job I was miserable in. I remember he was wearing a Baltimore Orioles cap appropriately enough. I heard him saying something about acting in a TV series, and I assumed that was his main profession. I didn’t know anything about his art at that time. Tony didn’t drink, and I later thought his presence at the event was mostly just because he liked being around other birders. He wasn’t a lister or chaser, or even an expert level birder, but I know he considered himself part of the birding community.

Around the time I was thinking about turning the Monty and Rose story into a documentary, Tony happened to go down to the beach and make a few social media videos. I reached out and Tony said he was willing to be interviewed and that I should stop by his studio sometime.

When I got to the studio with a hired videographer and even my 9-year-old daughter in tow, he didn’t seem to really desire an interview. Tony was so gregarious that it would be understandable if he couldn’t be available to everyone. I’m sure I came across as a bit of a geek anyway. I steeled myself to re-explain my project, hoping against hope that he wouldn’t decline an interview. But soon enough we were seated in his small gallery space and recording his comments. By the end, he made a few encouraging words to me off-camera.

As my film made its debut, it was clear that Tony’s comments were among the highlights. After showings people would say, “How did you get an interview with Tony Fitzpatrick?” I realize now that my naïveté as a filmmaker might have benefited me. But also Tony had a soft spot for fellow birders. As I’ve read tributes to Tony in recent weeks, several have noted that he always made room for newcomers and people outside the mainstream. Fred Sasaki of the Poetry Foundation had this to say:

“Tony was a champion of freaks and misfits, which was a huge part of his big bear embrace of artists and creatives in Chicago. Tony held the door open for so many outsiders looking for a start in art. He was many things to many people, and without question a poet at heart. I feel blessed to have experienced his friendship and the great work we did over the years. He will be deeply missed.”

A few months later, I asked Tony to record a social video for a new campaign I was involved in. I was thinking he’d go along with it and with a big following might give us some free PR. But we never really could make that happen, and I think in part it just wasn’t his thing. It was the first of many times I observed that Tony had his own standards and didn’t really compromise. Those were traits that one has to appreciate and admire. Some have placed Tony on a sort of Chicago literary Mount Rushmore with Nelson Algren, Studs Terkel, and Mike Royko—not exactly a crew that dabbled in fluff. In the words of rock critic Greg Kot, “Tony was the birdman of Chicago. A visual artist, an activist, a poet, an actor, a playwright, an organizer, a catalyst.” Kot noted Tony’s collaborations with the singer-songwriter Steve Earle.

Soon after my film debut, Tony did agree to appear on a virtual panel that I held in partnership with a birding publication. I wasn’t sure if he’d attend until his profile popped up on the Zoom. I was a bit nervous as about 200 people from all over the country were on the call. Tony always spoke his mind, and his acerbic answer to a question about plover conservation—that the wildlife officials were “a bunch of jackasses”—sticks with me. Tony didn’t have patience for politicians or bureaucrats. The reality is that the environmental movement might benefit if more people followed Tony’s lead and dispensed with pleasantries.

The second version of the Monty and Rose film—a feature-length documentary—came out a few months later. One of Tony’s quotes in that film always brings down the house in screenings. I’ve presented the film in a variety of settings, including faraway states that don’t really know anything about Chicago or plovers or Tony, and this one comment always generated spontaneous laughter.

So here’s the quote, though one really has to hear it in Tony’s voice for its full effect. At this point in the story, a large multi-day music festival expecting 25,000 people is threatening the plovers’ nest on the beach. Said Tony:

“Had that [festival] happened, I had a motorcycle club, that shall go nameless, and they were going to send a hundred soldiers, and we were going to guard the perimeter of that nesting site. And believe me you, buddy, nobody would have violated that nesting site.”

I was out of touch with Tony for a couple years, but I know he read my newsletter and would occasionally write with some encouragement. “Nice one, pal,” he’d say. In one of our later conversations, we talked about the plover phenomenon and he offered me some compliments. Again, he was generous with praise.

Then an opportunity emerged to add one of his works to the Newberry Library’s collection. It would be a first to have one of Tony’s collages in the 138-year-old institution (where I work). A couple of colleagues and I went to visit him in his new studio on Damen Avenue. It was around Halloween, and he was working on a drawing of Frankenstein. A Blue Grosbeak collage titled Nocturne caught my eye. Blue Grosbeak is a species once found at Bell Bowl Prairie. That piece would end up in the exhibition, and a photo of it accompanied Tony’s Chicago Tribune obituary (also see the top of this newsletter).

While at the studio, we were complimenting a black-and-white drawing on the wall. “Why don’t you take that one, too?” he said. The work’s now in the Newberry’s possession today and available for generations to come.

The last email exchange I had with Tony was about sparrows. I’d written a piece about the fight over House Sparrows that took place in the 19th century. There’s still a lot of venom thrown sparrows’ way today. House Sparrows are not birds that anyone is going to seek out or celebrate. But most anyone who enjoys and appreciates birds can admire their tenacity. It’s a reminder that the joys of birding are often found in the everyday, at places like Humboldt Park.

People need to stop being Dicks about the Sparrows... particularly Birders... it is petty and vindictive to attempt to discern which birds get to remain in the world...

When Birders do this?

We look like assholes...

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TWiB: I appreciate your approach because you give an inside look at birding but also make your columns accessible to a wider audience. Has that been intentional?

JR: The Daily Herald is a general interest newspaper, and I try to remember that. Many readers are not birders, and I see that as an opportunity. I do sometimes get into the weeds about certain things that probably only birders would be interested in. But I do the column on a volunteer basis, not for pay, so I generally write about whatever I want to write about.

TWiB: What has the interaction with the public been like?

JR: I get emails from readers, people telling me about birds they saw, or asking for ID help. Or they might ask me why “Nothing’s coming to my feeder.” I consider them all birders, whether they think so or not. The feedback and questions are one of the joys of doing the column. People becoming interested in birds, seeing a Scarlet Tanager for the first time. That’s very gratifying. If nothing else, I hope that I’ve introduced new people to the hobby.

TWiB: Has birding changed since you began writing the column in 2004?

JR: It’s definitely more of a mainstream activity than it was 20 years ago—technology like eBird and Merlin have brought new people into the hobby and made it cool. If you have a smartphone you’re in business, which is just about everybody. And the quality of inexpensive binoculars has improved. I can’t think of a more accessible hobby—and it’s all because birds are everywhere. You can watch birds every day, for two minutes or two hours, indoors or out, casually or with intensity, like those birders in “The Big Year” movie.

[Birding] infiltrates my whole life and everyday routines. Every single time I walk by our sliding door in the kitchen I look out at the feeders, I can’t help it. I get distracted by birds all the time, even at baseball games. In the book I mention that most birders are never really NOT birding, and it’s true!

TWiB: What are your influences?

JR: I read a lot. Magazines like Birding [American Birding Association], Living Bird from Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Bird Watcher’s Digest, and Bird Conservation from the American Bird Conservancy. Some of my favorite birding books are adventure stories, like The Big Year, The Grail Bird, Kingbird Highway, and Birding without Borders. One of my writing heroes is Kenn Kaufman, and I was pretty much speechless when he offered to endorse my book—having his name on the back cover means a lot.

TWiB: What have been some of your favorite columns?

JR: I enjoy writing about my backyard as much as anything. A column called “Freaky Friday Fallout” is my favorite on that topic. I always recommend that readers start and maintain a yard list. It’s amazing what stops by or flies over if we take the time to watch.

A couple other favorite columns were about finding birds of my dreams, such as the Worm-eating Warbler (a long-time nemesis) and Great Gray Owl.

“Stakeouts” were the basis for some good columns, too. These often become social gatherings because you’re with other birders and everybody is at the same place because of a bird. You see friends and make new friends, and meet the owners of the property who often can’t believe all the excitement over a bird. I also wrote about a Varied Thrush stakeout in Evanston where I was late to the party and all by myself. I nearly froze but got the bird, and it was my 500^th lifer.

TWiB: Much of your book is about birding in general, and not focused on Chicagoland. How did you choose what columns to include?

JR: That was a challenge because I had about 230 columns to choose from! The book includes about 65 of them. But I wanted the content to appeal to the broadest possible slice of the birding community, and to birders of all levels, no matter where they happen to live. The book has a Midwestern flavor but I generally avoided columns that are too Chicagoland-centric. I hope I’ve succeeded in sharing a wide range of short essays and stories that are fun, full of useful information, and add to the reader’s enjoyment of birds and birding.

My columns are mainly in Chicagoland, but a lot applies to birding in general. A narrowly focused book, the topics I cover in the book are pretty broad in a lot of cases. The personalities and local forest preserves—it applies everywhere.

The Best of Words on Birds is available for sale on the website of Eckhartz Press.

The SS Edmund Fitzgerald, largest freighter on the lakes, sunk in Lake Superior 50 years ago today.1 It was a national tragedy and one that bound the Great Lakes together in particular. The ship was funded by a company from Wisconsin2, built in Michigan, laden with taconite from Minnesota, and staffed by a crew from Ohio. The troubadour who told its story was from Ontario.

Only the Canadian great Gordon Lightfoot, who passed away in 2023, could pen a poignant and haunting song about the event mere months afterward. It’s hard to imagine anything similar happening today, where a tragedy, an artist, and a song idea could quickly converge and something could emerge that is so beautiful.

Lightfoot’s music is best played on a rocky shoreline, on a windy, overcast day with only the sounds of the waves as the backdrop. It’s music best played on a transistor radio, the signal emanating from a station in Thunder Bay or Sault Ste. Marie. This is how many of us came to his music, sitting in a Great Lakes campground and tuning into oldies stations to wile away the time.

In addition to marking the loss of 29 sailors, today is a day to reflect on Lightfoot’s poetic songwriting skills. A favorite is “Canadian Railroad Trilogy,” which is an epic that chronicles the construction of the transcontinental railroad from the perspective of the working-class “navvies.” Then of course there are classics like “Sundown,” “Rainy Day People,” and “Carefree Highway.” Some of his songs could jam, too, like “Baby Step Back,” the early 1980s track that has a funky groove to it.

November 10 is always a day with special meaning around here. This year it will be extra special, and one of many events will ring a bell 29 times outside the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum at Whitefish Point. When I think of the Fitzgerald I think of crisp nights, November gales, and that beautiful and dangerous “ice water mansion” of Lake Superior. The loss of the Fitz is a reminder that nature truly is bigger than all of us.

Lake Huron rolls, Superior sings
In the rooms of her ice-water mansion
Old Michigan steams like a young man’s dreams
The islands and bays are for sportsmen
And farther below Lake Ontario
Takes in what Lake Erie can send her
And the iron boats go as the mariners all know
With the gales of November remembered

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, a flood of immigrants from central and eastern Europe came to the United States to work as millhands, lumbermen, and miners. I know this firsthand because my great-grandparents and grandparents were among them. Theirs was difficult, dangerous, and menial work. My great-grandmother’s first husband died in an accident in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, while dynamiting at a quarry for The Standard Plate Glass Company.

Many, many immigrants also came west to Chicago to work in the steel mills, stockyards, and related industries. Among these immigrants was an Italian man named Joseph Paoli, who ran a fruit stand on Wabash Avenue. According to one account, he was of average height and slim frame with light hair and blue eyes. He would have been in his 30s around 1890.

We only know of Joseph Paoli because of his prowess at hunting plovers. At this time, all manner of waterfowl and shorebirds were being hunted for higher-class eateries in Chicago and other big cities.1 Those acquiring the birds from the fields were variously called market hunters or market gunners. It was a rough existence for most of them in the hinterlands of the big cities. One surmises that they were gunning for market sales and likely their own dinner tables.2

Joseph Paoli was among those who lived in the city and took the trains and streetcars to nearby locales like Riverside, Summit or even Willow Springs. These outings are quaint by today’s standards—these places are now heavily developed suburbs that lay well within the borders of very urban Cook County. But back then, these were fairly wild sections along the modest rise known as the Des Plaines Divide. Wrote one correspondent with the periodical Forest and Stream:

“Summit is a favorite resort of the actual or would be plover shooters, and every Sunday that station and Riverside, two miles higher up, are filled with young, old, and uniformly beer-loving shooters,3 who would be charmed to kill a jacksnipe, delighted to kill a plover, pleased to kill a meadowlark and quite content to kill a robin, a thrush, a bluebird, or a sparrow. This rabble does not usually get so far down as Willow Springs, and often there is good shooting at the point.”

Forest and Stream catered more toward wealthy hunters—a subscription cost some money after all—but left space to mention people like Joseph Paoli, who they alternatively called Plover Joe and Italian Joe. His knowledge of plovers and his skills with a scattergun were too impressive to ignore.

“He may be Italian or Corsican, but he’s a Napoleon in his art,” wrote one admiring Forest and Stream correspondent. I take this to mean he was good at strategy: savvy with calling in plovers, knowing how to factor in the wind, and placing decoys at just the right places. It was best to set up the decoys near a grassy pasture, otherwise the plovers might land in a plowed field and be harder to find.

Joseph was generous with sharing his knowledge with others, even to those who wrote him off as a foreigner. Everyone knows the angler who won’t let on to the best fishing holes or the birder who mothballs a few good sightings. That wasn’t Plover Joe.

I haven’t found another Forest and Stream article in the era that so thoroughly captured the perspective of a market hunter, let alone an immigrant. One correspondent, E. Hough, who was based in Chicago and also wrote about Prairie Chickens, wrote positively of Joe even when mimicking his accent and lumping him in with “the rabble.” But in one encounter, Joe let Hough take the first shot at a passing flock, a magnanimous gesture in the sporting world. It seems the bonds of sport might have let Hough see past his prejudices.

“There is no man on this green earth who can compare with him in his art,” Hough later wrote. “Let us be fair to all men. When we have been, we will be forced to admit that a market hunter is still a man.”

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After five years and 332 posts, I’ve been thinking about the future of This Week in Birding. This newsletter already has exceeded my expectations and grown to a level I couldn’t have imagined. However, I never want to be in a position where I am posting for posting’s sake. The truth is I only have eureka writing ideas a couple times a month nowadays. An…

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